Search results for "Response Elements"
showing 10 items of 31 documents
The Role of Nrf2 and PPARγ in the Improvement of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases
2020
Reactive oxygen species are an important element of redox regulation in cells and tissues. During physiological processes, molecules undergo chemical changes caused by reduction and oxidation reactions. Free radicals are involved in interactions with other molecules, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress works two ways depending on the levels of oxidizing agents and products. Excessive action of oxidizing agents damages biomolecules, while a moderate physiological level of oxidative stress (oxidative eustress) is necessary to control life processes through redox signaling required for normal cellular operation. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate pathological change…
MiasDB: A Database of Molecular Interactions Associated with Alternative Splicing of Human Pre-mRNAs.
2016
Alternative splicing (AS) is pervasive in human multi-exon genes and is a major contributor to expansion of the transcriptome and proteome diversity. The accurate recognition of alternative splice sites is regulated by information contained in networks of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. However, the mechanisms leading to splice site selection are not fully understood. Although numerous databases have been built to describe AS, molecular interaction databases associated with AS have only recently emerged. In this study, we present a new database, MiasDB, that provides a description of molecular interactions associated with human AS events. This database covers 938 interactions …
Intralaboratory validation of four in vitro assays for the prediction of the skin sensitizing potential of chemicals
2011
Abstract Allergic contact dermatitis is induced by repeated skin contact with an allergen. Assessment of the skin sensitizing potential of chemicals, agrochemicals, and especially cosmetic ingredients is currently performed with the use of animals. Animal welfare and EU legislation demand animal-free alternatives reflected in a testing and marketing ban for cosmetic ingredients beginning in 2013. The underlying mechanisms of induction and elicitation of skin sensitization are complex and a chemical needs to comply several properties being skin sensitizing. To account for the multitude of events in the induction of skin sensitization an in vitro test system will consist of a battery of vario…
Glycogen synthase 2 is a novel target gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
2007
International audience; Glycogen synthase 2 (Gys-2) is the ratelimiting enzyme in the storage of glycogen in liver and adipose tissue, yet little is known about regulation of Gys-2 transcription. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and might be hypothesized to govern glycogen synthesis as well. Here, we show that Gys-2 is a direct target gene of PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma. Expression of Gys-2 is significantly reduced in adipose tissue of PPARalpha-/-, PPARbeta/delta-/- and PPARgamma+/- mice. Furthermore, synthetic PPARbeta/delta, and gamma agonists markedly up-regulate Gys-2…
Nuclear receptors modulate the interaction of Sp1 and GC-rich DNA via ternary complex formation
2000
Binding sites for transcription factor Sp1have been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of several genes by hormones or vitamins, and here we show that a GC-rich element contributes to the retinoic acid response of the interleukin 1β promoter. To explain such observations, it has been proposed that nuclear receptors can interact with Sp1 bound to GC-rich DNA. However, evidence supporting this model has remained indirect. So far, nuclear receptors have not been detected in a complex with Sp1 and GC-rich DNA, and the expected ternary complexes in non-denaturing gels were not seen. In search for these missing links we found that nuclear receptors [retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid…
Validation of the Tetracycline Regulatable Gene Expression System for the Study of the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease
2011
Understanding the pathogenesis of infectious disease requires the examination and successful integration of parameters related to both microbial virulence and host responses. As a practical and powerful method to control microbial gene expression, including in vivo, the tetracycline-regulatable system has recently gained the favor of many investigative groups. However, some immunomodulatory effects of the tetracyclines, including doxycycline, could potentially limit its use to evaluate host responses during infection. Here we have used a well-established murine model of disseminated candidiasis, which is highly dependent on both the virulence displayed by the fungal cells and on the host im…
Stress response in mesoangioblast stem cells
2006
Stem cells are presumed to survive various stresses, since they are recruited to areas of tissue damage and regeneration, where inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic cells may result in severe cell injury. We explored the ability of mesoangioblasts to respond to different cell stresses such as heat, heavy metals and osmotic stress, by analyzing heat shock protein (HSP)70 synthesis as a stress indicator. We found that the A6 mesoangioblast stem cells constitutively synthesize HSP70 in a heat shock transcription factor (HSF)-independent way. However, A6 respond to heat shock and cadmium treatment by synthesizing HSP70 over the constitutive expression and this synthesis is HSF1 dependent. The e…
Dissection of the elements of osmotic stress response transcription factor Hot1 involved in the interaction with MAPK Hog1 and in the activation of t…
2013
Abstract The response to hyperosmotic stress is mediated by the HOG pathway. The MAP kinase Hog1 activates several transcription factors, regulates chromatin-modifying enzymes and, through its interaction with RNA polymerase II, it directs this enzyme to osmotic stress-controlled genes. For such targeting, this kinase requires the interaction with transcription factors Hot1 and Sko1. However, phosphorylation of these proteins by Hog1 is not required for their functionality. In this study, we aim to identify the Hot1 elements involved in Hog1-binding and in the activation of transcription. Two-hybrid experiments demonstrated that the Hot1 sequence between amino acids 340 and 534 and the CD e…
Regulation of ribonucleotide reductase in response to iron deficiency
2011
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is an essential enzyme required for DNA synthesis and repair. Although iron is necessary for class Ia RNR activity, little is known about the mechanisms that control RNR in response to iron deficiency. In this work, we demonstrate that yeast cells control RNR function during iron deficiency by redistributing the Rnr2–Rnr4 small subunit from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our data support a Mec1/Rad53-independent mechanism in which the iron-regulated Cth1/Cth2 mRNA-binding proteins specifically interact with the WTM1 mRNA in response to iron scarcity, and promote its degradation. The resulting decrease in the nuclear-anchoring Wtm1 protein levels leads to the re…
ENO1 gene product binds to the c-myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor: relationship with Myc promoter-binding protein 1 (MBP-1).
2000
The Myc promoter-binding protein-1 (MBP-1) is a 37-38 kDa protein that binds to the c-myc P2 promoter and negatively regulates transcription of the protooncogene. MBP-1 cDNA shares 97% similarity with the cDNA encoding the glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase and both genes have been mapped to the same region of human chromosome 1, suggesting the hypothesis that the two proteins might be encoded by the same gene. We show here data indicating that a 37 kDa protein is alternatively translated from the full-length alpha-enolase mRNA. This shorter form of alpha-enolase is able to bind the MBP-1 consensus sequence and to downregulate expression of a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the c…